Method and apparatus for transceiving data in a mimo system

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transceiving data. A method in which a transmitting terminal transmits data to a receiving terminal in a MIMO system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: generating a data field containing the data; generating a signal field containing information on the data field; generating a data frame containing the data field and the signal field; and transmitting the data frame to the receiving terminal. According to the present invention, an end of the frame being transmitted is accurately notified to the receiving terminal in a communication system in which the frame is transmitted using MIMO, thereby decoding the frame in a more efficient manner at the receiving terminal.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmittingand receiving data, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus fortransmitting and receiving data in a multiple input multiple output(MIMO) system.

BACKGROUND ART

A wireless local area network (WLAN) basically supports a basic serviceset (BSS) mode including an access point (AP) serving as a connectionpoint of a distribution system (DS) and a plurality of stations (STAs),not APs, or an independent BSS (IBSS) mode including only stations(STAs) (hereinafter, AP and STA will be referred to as a ‘terminal’).

In a communication system such as a WLAN, or the like, a frame (or adata frame) and length information regarding the length of the frame areexchanged between a media access control (MAC) layer and a physical(PHY) layer. In order to inform a receiver (or a receiving end) aboutthe end of the frame, the PHY layer of a transmitter (or a sending end)includes a header having the information regarding the length of theframe in the frame and transmits the same, or adds a delimiter includinginformation indicating the end of the frame in the end of the frame.Accordingly, in the PHY layer of the receiver recognizes the end of thereceived frame by using the length information or the delimiterinformation having a particular format included in the received frame.

An international standard of the WLAN by IEEE 802.11 defines a data unitprocessed in the MAC layer, as a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU). When theMPDU is transferred from the MAC layer to the PHY layer, it is called aPHY service data unit (PSDU). The information regarding the length ofthe frame for recognizing the end of the frame is transferred, alongwith the PSDU, from the MAC layer to the PHY layer. The PHY layer of thetransmitter transmits the information regarding the length of the frametogether with the data to the receiver. A decoder of the PHY layer ofthe receiver restores the MPDU included in the PSDU by the lengthindicated in the length information by using the length informationincluded in a signal symbol of a physical layer convergence protocol(PLCP) preamble of the received frame, and transfers the restored dataand length information to the MAC layer.

For communication based on the standard IEEE 802.11, various methods areused for the transmitter to transfer length information to the receiver.For example, in 802.11b, a PLCP header includes time information havinga size of 16 bits, and in 802.11a/g, an L-SIG field of a PLCP preambleincludes length information having a size of 12 bits representing thelength of a frame by byte. Also, in 802.11n, an HT-SIG field of the PLCPpreamble includes length information having a size of 16 bitsrepresenting the length of an MPDU or an A-MPDU (Aggregated-MPDU) of theMAC layer by byte.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for accuratelyinforming a receiver about the end of a transmitted frame to thus allowthe receiver to effectively restore the frame, in a communication systemin which a frame is transmitted by using multiple input multiple output(MIMO).

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of thepresent invention will be understood and become more apparent from thefollowing detailed description of the present invention. Also, it can beeasily understood that the objects and advantages of the presentinvention can be realized by the units and combinations thereof recitedin the claims.

Technical Solution

In an aspect, a method for transmitting data by a transmission terminalto a reception terminal in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO)system includes generating a data field including the data, generating asignal field including information regarding the data field, generatinga data frame including the data field and the signal field, andtransmitting the data frame to the reception terminal.

In another aspect, a method for receiving data, by a reception terminal,transmitted from a transmission terminal in a multiple input multipleoutput (MIMO) system includes receiving a data frame including a datafield including the data and a signal field including informationregarding the data field, decoding the data frame and outputting thesignal field and the data field, and obtaining the data from the datafield by using the signal field.

In another aspect, a transmission terminal for transmitting data to areception terminal in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systemincludes a data field generation unit generating a data field includingthe data, a signal field generation unit generating a signal fieldincluding information regarding the data field, a data frame generationunit generating a data frame including the data field and the signalfield, and a transmission unit transmitting the data frame to thereception terminal.

In another aspect, a reception terminal for receiving data transmittedfrom a transmission terminal in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO)system includes a reception unit receiving a data frame including a datafield including the data and a signal field including informationregarding the data field, a decoding unit decoding the data frame andoutputting the signal field and the data field, and a data obtainingunit obtaining the data from the data field by using the signal field.

Advantageous Effects

According to embodiments of the present invention, in a communicationsystem in which a frame is transmitted by using MIMO, the end of atransmitted frame is accurately informed to a receiver, so the receivercan effectively restore the frame.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a method for informing about the end of a frame by using atransmission duration and frame padding.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which information regarding the end of aframe is provided to a receiver by using transmission durationinformation and frame length information according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which information regarding the endof a frame is provided to a receiver by using transmission durationinformation and frame length information according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a PPDU format of MU-MIMO to which a data transmission andreception method according to an embodiment of the present invention isapplied.

FIG. 5 shows the configuration of a VHT-DATA field according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a format of a PHY service data unit (PSDU) included in theVHT-DATA field in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which length information of the PSDU isdesignated in the VHT SIG-B according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which length information is designated byusing a service field according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which length information is designated byusing both a VHT-SIG B field and a service field according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a length field of a PSDU isprotected by using a parity bit according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which a symbol length of each user istransferred to the receiver according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows a method for protecting the VHT-SIG B field in theembodiment of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which length information of the PSDU istransmitted in units of Qword (4 bytes) according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which only the length information of thePSDU is included in the VHT-SIG B field according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which length information is representedby combining a MAC padding scheme and a length indication schemeaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 16 shows embodiments in which an additional tail pad of FIG. 15 issubstituted according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram for explaining an insertion of a PHY padperformed in a PHY layer.

FIG. 18 shows a modulation scheme of the VHT-SIG B and a datarepresentation scheme according to bandwidth.

FIG. 19 illustrates a PPDU format according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 20 illustrates a PPDU format according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 21 shows the configuration of a transmission terminal according toan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 shows the configuration of a reception terminal according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a flow chart illustrating a process of a data transmissionmethod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a flow chart illustrating a process of a data receptionmethod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

MODE FOR INVENTION

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of thepresent invention will be described in detail in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, and accordingly, a person skilled in the art towhich the present invention pertains will easily implement the technicalconcept of the present invention. In describing the present invention,if a detailed explanation for a related known function or constructionis considered to unnecessarily divert the gist of the present invention,such explanation will be omitted but would be understood by thoseskilled in the art. The embodiments of the present invention will now bedescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which likenumbers refer to like elements in the drawings.

For communication based on the standard IEEE 802.11, various methods areused for a transmitter (or a sending end) to transfer length informationto a receiver (or a receiving end). For example, in 802.11b, a PLCPheader includes time information having a size of 16 bits, and in802.11a/g, an L-SIG field of a PLCP preamble includes length informationhaving a size of 12 bits representing the length of a frame by byte.Also, in 802.11n, an HT-SIG field of the PLCP preamble includes lengthinformation having a size of 16 bits representing the length of an MPDUor an A-MPDU (Aggregated-MPDU) of the MAC layer by byte.

Meanwhile, in 802.11 ac, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wirelesstransmission using multiple antennas is used. In 802.11ac, MIMO isdivided into a single user MIMO (SU-MIMO), a 1:1 transmission, and amulti-user-MIMO (MU-MIMO) in which multiple frames are simultaneouslytransmitted to several users by using spatial division multiple access(SDMA). In 802.11 ac, when SU-MIMO is used, length information may beincluded in an SIG field for 802.11 ac to inform a receiver about thelength of a frame. However, when MU-MIMO is used, since the length ofeach of the frames transferred to several users may be different, adifferent method for informing each user about the end of a pertinentframe is required.

When a MU-MIMO downlink transmission section ends, reception those whichrequire a response, among reception terminals (e.g., STAs), maysequentially transmit an ACK protocol to a transmission terminal (e.g.,AP). Here, various methods may be used to inform each of the receptionterminals about the order and a transmission reference time fortransmitting an ACK protocol. For example, information regarding the ACKprotocol transmission order may be provided to each of the receptionterminals by using a previously transmitted frame. Also, in order toinform each of the reception terminals about a transmission referencetime, transmission duration information indicating a point in time atwhich an MU-MIMO downlink transmission section ends may be included inan SIG field for 802.11ac, whereby information regarding the length of aPPDU transmitted during the longest period of time can be provided toeach of the reception terminals. In the case of using such an SIG field,even when a certain reception terminal is allocated a spatial streamhaving a short length, an actual channel performs transmission duringthe longest spatial stream, so the channel is in a busy state. When aframe reception of a reception terminal which receives the longest PPDUis terminated, the channel becomes idle, and thereafter, each of thereception terminals transmits an ACK protocol to the transmissionterminal according to a determined procedure.

One of the methods for indicating the end of a frame by using adelimiter is recognizing a maximum number of symbols of MU-MIMOtransmission through transmission duration information and filling up upto the last symbol of a frame with delimiter padding, MAC padding, andPHY padding. A PHY service data unit (PSDU) transferred from the MAClayer to the PHY layer includes useful data and padding information, andthe delimiter padding and MAC padding are classified as non-useful data.

FIG. 1 shows a method for indicating the end of a frame by usingtransmission duration and frame padding. When a transmitter transmits aframe by using frame padding as shown in FIG. 1, a PHY layer of areceiver cannot know the length of useful data. Thus, a decoder of thePHY layer of the receiver restores delimiter padding, MAC padding, andthe last PHY pad bit excluding a tail of the last symbol, as well as theuseful data of the received frame. Here, when the PHY pad bit has a sizeof 7 bits or smaller, which fails to constitute I octet, it isdiscarded, and then other restored data is transferred to a MAC layer.As a result, the PHY layer of the receiver cannot transfer the length ofthe useful data to the MAC layer through RX VECTOR.

Here, the MAC layer receives a padded MAC frame. Thus, the MAC layercannot recognize the end of the received frame until it parses the lastdelimiter of the frame, so it can accurately restore the MAC frame afterrecognizing the end of the frame. In this method, the length of theframe extends by using a null delimiter applied to the A-MPDU of802.11n, so in the MAC frame, only A-MPDU, rather than MPDU, should benecessarily used.

In this manner, in the communication method using MIMO, in particular,MU-MIMO, in order to allow the receiver to effectively restore theframe, the information regarding the end of the transmitted frame isrequired to be accurately provided to the receiver. The presentinvention relates to a method and apparatus for accurately informing areceiver about the end of a transmitted frame, to thus allow thereceiver to effectively restore the frame.

The present invention will now be described in detail through theembodiments.

In MU-MIMO, frames, each having a different length, are simultaneouslytransmitted to several users, and each frame is transmitted to areception terminal of each user through beamforming. Here, in order toinform each reception terminal about the end of a frame, the followingtwo methods may be used.

The first method is including, by a PHY layer of a transmitter, a lengthfield in an SIG field or a service field, of each user. The secondmethod is filling, by a MAC layer, a remaining frame with paddinginformation such that it has the same number of OFDM symbols as that ofthe longest frame among transmitted frames, and transferring the same tothe PHY layer. Then, the PHY layer includes information regarding thenumber of OFDM symbols of each frame in an SIG field, and a MAC layer ofa receiver may recognize the end of a received frame by frame parsing.

In the MU-MIMO transmission section, in order to inform the receiverabout the end of transmission and the end of MU-MIMO spatial stream, atransmission duration and frame length information are used. When asignal field is transmitted to multiple users, information commonlyrequired for the users is included in a common signal field andinformation regarding each user is included in a dedicated signal fieldand transmitted. The transmission duration information is commoninformation of all the terminal participating in the MU-MIMOtransmission must know for a clear channel assessment (CCA) deferral, soit is included in the common signal field. Meanwhile, since the lengthsof the respective frames are different, the frame length information maybe included in per-user information (or per-user info) of the dedicatedsignal field, e.g., a VHT-SIG field.

Here, the length information may be 1) length information of PSDU, 2)length information of A-MPDU or MPDU among elements constituting thePSDU, or 3) length information of A-MPDU or MPDU, actual datainformation among MAC padding information. The types of such lengthinformation represent an embodiment of the present invention, andvarious types of information can be expressed according to lengthexpression methods.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which information regarding the end of aframe is provided to a receiver by using transmission durationinformation and frame length information according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. In the present embodiment, when the transmittertransmits a frame, it includes transmission duration information andframe length information in the VHT-SIG field and transmits the same.The PHY layer of the receiver recognizes a transmission termination time(or a transmitter time) through the transmission duration informationand transfers it to the MAC layer. Here, the PHY layer informs the MAClayer about a reference time through an RX-VECTOR or a CCA idle event,and the MAC layer calculates a time at which an ACK protocol is to betransmitted to the transmission terminal by using reference timeinformation.

Also, the PHY layer of the receiver restores the length information andthe decoder restores the data by using the restored length information.Here, the MAC layer knows the accurate length of the frame throughRX-VECTOR, so there is no need to perform additional delimiter matchingin a MAC protocol.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the receiver can know the actual lengthinformation of the frame by using the length information, the PHY layercan perform decoding only by the designated length and terminate it.Thus, power and time required for decoding can be reduced. Also, the MAClayer does not perform delimiter parsing, the same effect can beobtained.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which information regarding the endof a frame is provided to a receiver by using transmission durationinformation and frame length information according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. When transmission of a short stream is firstfinished in the MU-MIMO transmission section, transmission power of thetransmitter is reduced. Accordingly, reception power is also reducedwhen a corresponding signal is restored in the receiver, and in thiscase, a problem may arise with a detection of a signal which has notbeen completely received yet (namely, which is longer than othersignals) in the receiver.

Thus, in order to solve the problem, the transmitter fills a spatialstream of each of the other remaining frames, based on a frame havingthe longest transmission duration, with PHY pad. As a result, frameshaving the same transmission duration are generated as shown in FIG. 3,so the transmitter can transmit the frames in the transmission durationperiod by using uniform power. The receiver can stably detect data froma spatial stream having the longest frame, and the reception terminalwhich receives a short spatial stream does not perform unnecessarydecoding through the length information. Here, the PHY pad inserted inthe transmitted does not affect the detection of the end of the frame inthe receiver.

FIG. 4 shows a PPDU format of MU-MIMO to which a data transmission andreception method according to an embodiment of the present invention isapplied. In FIG. 4, an L-STF field, an L-LTF field, and an L-SIG fieldare the same as those of 802.11a/g. Meanwhile, a VHT-SIG A fieldincludes information commonly applied to every user frame, and a VHT-SIGB field provides information required for each user.

In FIG. 4, the VHT-SIG field includes the VHT-SIG A field and theVHT-SIG B field in both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO systems. The VHT-SIG A andthe VHT-SIG B fields are modulated according to BPSK and have a longguard interval.

The VHT-SIG A field has common information applied to every terminalwhich receives the PPDU. Meanwhile, in the MU-MIMO system, the VHT-SIG Bfield includes information applied to individual users, respectively,and is transmitted to each user through spatial multiplexing. Multipleusers for simultaneous transmission may be limited to four users.

Table 1 below shows the configuration of the VHT-SIG B field used in theSU-MIMO and MU-MIMO systems.

TABLE 2 MU - Bit allocation SU - Bit allocation SIG B Fields 20 MHz 40MHz 80 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz DWORD(4 16 17* 19* 17 19 21 bytes)Length MCS  4  4  4 — — — RSVD  0  0  0  2  2  2 Tail  6  6  6  6  6  6Total # bits 26 27** 29** 26 27** 29**

The VHT-SIG B is modulated according to BPSK. In an embodiment of thepresent invention, the transmission terminal may variably use afrequency band in data transmission. The number of bits allocated to theVHT-SIG B varies according to a frequency band applied to datatransmission. For example, in a 20 MHz mode, 26 bits are allocated tothe VHT-SIG B, and in a mode higher than 20 MHz, a frequency tone isadded according to channel bonding, so additional bits, besides 26 bits,are allocated. For example, in a 40 MHz mode, 54 bits, the same as thoseof 802.11n, may be used, and when it is converted into 20 MHz, 27 bitsmay be used. In an 80 MHz mode, 117 bits may be used, and when it isconverted into 20 MHz, 29 bits may be used.

In this manner, as the bandwidth of frequency used for data transmissionincreases, the amount of transmitted data is also increased, andaccordingly, the length of a field representing the length of a frame isto be increased. In order to support the maximum packet duration (5.46ms) which can be defined in the L-SIG field by a frequency band, bitsfor defining DWORD are additionally required according to the increasein the band size. Table 1 shows the configuration of the VHT-SIG B fieldreflecting bits additionally allocated through channel bonding accordingto each bandwidth.

In the PPDU format of FIG. 4, VHT-DATA is data processed according to amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) of each user, which includes aservice field, a PSDU field, a tail field, and a PHY pad field.

FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the VHT-DATA field according to anembodiment of the present invention. The tail field may be positionedimmediately behind the PSDU field or may be positioned at the end of theentire VHT-DATA field according to the method for designating thelength. In the latter case, the position of the tail field can beaccurately recognized by using the number of symbols and an Ndbps value.

FIG. 6 shows a format of the PSDU included in the VHT-DATA field in FIG.5. In FIG. 6, a Qword Pad field, an A-MPDU null delimiter, a final MACpad field may be selectively added after the A-MPDU. The Qword pad fieldhas the size of a multiple of 4 bytes. The A-MPDU null delimiter isadded by the size designated in units of 4 bytes in a 4-byte boundary.The final MAC pad fills a remaining area, failing to reach 4 bytes, withbytes by a designated size.

Hereinafter, diverse representation methods of length informationdesignating the length of a frame included in the PSDU will bedescribed.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which length information of the PSDU isdesignated in the VHT SIG-B according to the present invention. In FIG.7, the length of a frame of each user can be indicated by the VHT-SIG Bfield, the tail field may be present immediately after the PSDU. TheVHT-SIG B field is modulated by BPSK ½, having high reliability, andaccordingly an error probability of length information is reduced.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which length information is designated byusing a service field according to the present invention. In FIG. 8, thelength information (PSDU length) is included in the service field of theVHT-DATA field. Here, the service field extends from 16 bits to 32 bits.

As shown in FIG. 8, the service field may be configured according to thefollowing two methods.

1) Service field=Scrambler Seed (7 bits)+Reserved (9 bits)+User Length(16 bits)

2) Service field=Scrambler Seed (7 bits)+User Length (16 bits)+CRC (8bits)

The length information appears after a decoding operation in the servicefield, so it is positioned at the end of the DATA field. When theservice field includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), if a CRC erroroccurs, data processing in the PHY layer is stopped, obtaining powersaving effect in the PHY and MAC layers.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which length information is designated byusing both the VHT-SIG B field and the service field according to thepresent invention. The VHT-SIG B field has a limited size, so it cannotinclude a CRC field for error detection. When BPSK ½ modulation isemployed, the VHT-SIG B field has a size of 24 bits or 26 bits. When thePSDU length information is included in the VHT-SIG B a shown in FIG. 9,the CRC field may be included in the service field to reduce overhead ofthe VHT-SIG B. The CRC field having the size of 8 bits is applied toevery field of the VHT-SIG B field, a scrambler seed field of theservice field, and reserved bits. By protecting the respective fields byusing the CRC field, an error detection probability can be enhanced andunnecessary data processing from the PHY layer can be prevented.

In the foregoing embodiment, the CRC field included in the service fieldcan be applied as in the following two embodiments.

1) CRC is applied to MCS, FEC, PSDU length and scrambler seed fields

2) CRC is applied to MCS, FEC, PSDU length fields, excluding servicefield

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a length field of the PSDU isprotected by using a parity bit according to the present invention. Asshown in FIG. 10, a parity bit (1 bit) may be added behind the PSDUlength field to reduce an error in restoring and detecting the PSDUlength field.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which a symbol length of each user istransferred to the receiver according to the present invention. Unlikethe foregoing embodiment, in the embodiment of FIG. 11, informationregarding the length up to the last symbol including a portion of thePSDU, rather than information regarding the length of the PSDU, istransferred. In this embodiment, the position of the tail field may varyaccording to the number of symbols occupied by a user frame. In orderfor a PHY pad field belonging to the last symbol occupied by the PSDU tohave a size of 0 to 7 bits, a MAC pad field is padded in units of bytes(See FIG. 6). When the length information is transmitted in units ofsymbols as in the present embodiment, reserved bits existing in theVHT-SIG B field may be used for a different purpose. Meanwhile, when theMAC pad field is included as shown in FIG. 11, information included inthe MAC pad field must be parsed after the PSDU is transferred to theMAC layer of the receiver, potentially generating overhead.

FIG. 12 shows a method for protecting the VHT-SIG B field in theembodiment of FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 12, the transmitter includes theCRC field in the service field. Here, the CRC field is calculated basedon the VHT-SIG B (excluding the tail field) and inserted into the MSB 8bits of the service field. Namely, the scrambler seed field is notconsidered in calculating the CRC field. The service field and the PSDUmay be scrambled in the same manner as that of 802.11n.

The CRC field calculated thusly has an effect of protecting an initialstate of a scrambler, as well as protecting the VHT-SIG B field. If theCRC field is calculated in consideration of even the scrambler seedfield, if there is an error in the initial state of the scrambler, theCRC field has an error after descrambling. Then, a CRC with respect tothe VHT-SIG B field also fails. Thus, the CRC field calculated asdescribed above has the effect of detecting even an error of thescrambler.

For reference, the number of octets calculated according to the lengthfield of the VHT-SIG B field cannot be greater, by 3 octets or more,than the number of octets calculated by the L-SIG length and MCS fieldof the VHT-SIG B field.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which the length information of the PSDUis transmitted in units of Qword (4 bytes) according to the presentinvention. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the length information of thePSDU is transmitted by Qword (4 bytes), rather than by byte or symbol.When the length information is transmitted by Qword, the size of thelength field is reduced by 2 bits in comparison to the case in which thesize of the length field is transmitted by byte. Here, like theembodiment of FIG. 6, the PSDU has a form in which only the Qword padfield is added to the A-MPDU. In the present embodiment, the last Qwordhas a value of 3 bytes or smaller. Thus, the MAC layer of the receiverdoes not need to parse the last Qword in parsing the A-MPDU, reducingoverhead as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 11.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which only the length information of thePSDU is included in the VHT-SIG B field according to the presentinvention. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, only the PSDU length field, theCRC field, and the tail field are included in the VHT-SIG B field havingthe size of 26 bits. In the present embodiment, the PSDU may be anA-MPDU having a length by byte or may be an (A-MPDU+Qword pad) having alength by Qword. Also, in the present embodiment, the PSDU length fieldcan be protected by the CRC field.

Hereinafter, a method for indicating the end of a frame by using theL-SIG transmission duration field of FIG. 4 and the MAC padding schemeof FIG. 6 will be described with reference to FIG. 15. Also, a method ofcombining a length indication of each user by using length informationhaving the Qword boundary described above in the embodiment of FIG. 11will also be described with reference to FIG. 15.

FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which length information is representedby combining a MAC padding scheme and a length indication schemeaccording the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15, when the twomethods are combined, a method of using one tail field and a method ofusing two tail fields can be applied.

In case in which the number of tail fields is one as shown in the frameillustrated at a lower portion in FIG. 15, the VHT DATA field includesservice, PSDU, PHY pad, and tail pad in this order. In this case, thePHY layer performs tracing back by using the tail information at thelast position, a Viterbi decoder has processing delay to the last. Also,the decoder cannot terminate decoding until it restores data by thelength designated in the VHT-SIG B length field. The data decoded by thelength designated in the VHT-SIG B length field in the PHY layer istransferred to the MAC layer, and the length of the received frame has asize of Ceiling(A-MPDU_Length/4)*4 (Here, Ceiling( ) refers to a Ceilingfunction). In this case, the VHT-SIG B length indicates the length ofthe A-MPDU and Qword pad included in the PSDU format of FIG. 6.

When there is an additional tail field as shown in the frame illustratedat an upper portion in FIG. 15, the tail field may be added to the Qwordboundary when the frame is decoded by using the length field in thereceiver, thereby removing delay by the length of tracing back in a BCCdecoder. Thus, the decoding of the decoder can be terminated faster.When the data is transferred from the PHY layer to the MAC layer, thedata can be transferred to the MAC layer as fast as the length ortracing back, and accordingly, the MAC layer can have a gain in terms ofthe frame processing time.

Meanwhile, when a frame is transferred by using only the L-SIGtransmission duration and the MAC padding information without using thelength information of each user, the PSDU including MAC padding isentirely transferred to the MAC layer of the receiver. Thus, the MAClayer performs parsing even on the MAC padding, generating overhead.

In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the transmitter configures the PSDU asfollows.

1) L_ampdu_x: length of A-MPDU of user x (byte unit)

2) L_psdu_x: A-MPDU of user x+length (byte unit) of PSDU including MACpadding according to FIG. 6

3) Ndpbs_x: a number of data bits per symbol, value (bit unit) of user xaccording to MCS

4) Nsym: a number of symbols

5) L_padding_x: length (byte unit) (Qword pad, null delimiter) of MACpad according to MAC padding scheme of FIG. 6, final MAC pad

6) Nes: a number of BCC encoders

7) n number of user frames

Meanwhile, the MAC layer performs the MAC padding of FIG. 6 as follows.

1) Nsym_x=Ceiling((16+8×L_ampdu_x+6*Nes)/Ndpbs_x)

2) Nsym=max(Nsym_1, . . . , Nsym_n)

3) L_padding_x=round((Nsym×Ndpbs_x−16−6*Nes)/8)−L_ampdu_x

Here, L_padding_x designates the size of MAC padding to be included forthe user x.

In the above process, a PSDU for the user x is generated by inserting anappropriate padding according to the size of L_padding_x and theboundary of L_ampdu_x.

Meanwhile, a padding insertion algorithm of the MAC layer is as follows.

If (Ceiling(L_ampdu_x/4)*4<=(L_ampdu_x+L_padding_x)

-   -   Insert Qword pad

Else

Insert final MAC pad of L_padding_x bytes and complete generation ofPSDU

When a remaining padding space is greater than or equal to 4 bytes, anull delimiter in units of 4 bytes is inserted. Also, when a space of 3bytes or smaller remains, a byte final MAC pad is inserted to completethe generation of PSDU.

The MAC layer of the transmitter transmits Nsym, L_ampdu_x, MCS peruser, and PSDU per user to the PHY layer through the TXVECTOR. The PHYlayer of the transmitter inserts a PHY pad by Npad_x and inserts a tailpad having the size of 6*Nes according to the results of the followingformula.

L_qwordinB: It is value indicating A-MPDU length by Qword in the Qwordboundary and is transmitted through VHT-SIG B

Npad_x: length (bit unit) of PHY pad of user x

Nsym=information transferred to a receiver through L-SIG transmissionduration information

Ndata_x=Nsym×Ndbps_x

Npad_x=(Ndata_x−(16+6*Nes)) % 8; PHY Pad(0˜7)

L_qwordinB=Ceiling(L_ampdu_x/4)

When an additional tail pad is required, a position to be substituted bythe tail pad is determined according to the following conditions.

If (L_psdu_x>=L_qwordinB*4)

-   -   First tail position=N_pos_first_tail=16+32×L_qwordinB

Else

-   -   Do nothing

The additional tail pad substitutes MAC padding, so the A-MPDU, anactual user frame, is transferred as it is. The MAC padding is merelypadding information, rather than meaningful data, so it does not affectthe user data transmission. In case in which a front portion of a firstnull delimiter of the MAC padding is substituted, when only the L-SIGtransmission duration and the MAC padding are used, the null delimiteris recognized as an error and the procedure is continuously performeduntil a next null delimiter.

The position to be substituted by the last tail pad is determined byfollowing formula.

Second tail position=N_pos_second_tail=Ndata_x−6*Nes

The receiver can discriminate the length of a user frame as followsaccording to a method of detecting the end of the frame. Here, the sizeof data transferred to the MAC layer is determined according to thelength of the user frame.

In the reception terminal using the VHT-SIG B length information of eachuser, Rx Vector Length, the length of the user frame, transferred to theMAC layer is determined by the following formula.

If (L_psdu_x>=L_qwordinB*4)

-   -   Rx vector length=L_qwordinB*4 (byte unit)    -   Tail position=16+32×L_qwordinB (bit unit)

Else

-   -   Rx vector length=round ((Nsym×Ndpbs_x−16−6*Nes)/8) (byte unit)    -   Tail position=Ndata_x−6

When the MAC padding is applied to the L-SIG transmission duration, RxVector Length, the length of the user frame, transferred to the MAClayer in the receiver is determined by the following equation.

-   -   Rx vector length=round ((Nsym×Ndpbs_x−16−6*Nes)/8) (byte unit)    -   Tail position=Ndata_x−6

FIG. 16 shows embodiments in which the additional tail pad of FIG. 15 issubstituted according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram for explaining an insertion of the PHY padperformed in a PHY layer. When the MAC pad and the PHY pad bits areincluded, BCC and LDPC codes are required to be all encoded. Thus, thePHY pad is inserted before scrambler. Upon receiving the frame generatedthusly, a decoder of the receiver performs decoding by using the lengthinformation of the VHT-SIG B field, so the PHY layer can obtain powersaving effect.

In the case of encoding using BCC, as shown in FIG. 17, the PHY pad (0˜7bits) is positioned behind the PSDU, and thereafter, the tail bits (6NESbits) are added. The padding bits are added in front of the scrambler,and the six tail bits are added before each encoder. The LDPC code doesnot have a tail bit like in 802.11n.

FIG. 18 shows a modulation scheme of the VHT-SIG B and a datarepresentation scheme according to a bandwidth. As described above, inan embodiment of the present invention, the transmission terminal canvariably use a frequency band in transmitting data. FIG. 18 showsVHT-SIG B field configurations when frequency bands applied fortransmission are 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz, respectively. In FIG. 18,each VHT-SIG B includes an SIG20 field converted into 20 MHz and a tailfield having the size of 6 bits.

As shown in FIG. 18, in the 40 MHz and 80 MHz modes, the information ofthe VHT-SIG B field including the tail field is iterated. Although notshown in FIG. 18, when frequency is 160 MHz, VHT-SIG B of 80 MHz isiterated twice.

As the VHT-SIG B field is iterated in the 40 MHz and 80 MHz modes, anerror restoration probability can be enhanced through repetition code inthe receiver. Namely, the decoder of the reception terminal caniteratively use the value obtained through decoding, thereby effectivelyenhance an error decision value used in a decoder input.

FIG. 19 illustrates the PPDU format according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 19, the reception terminal sets CCAdeferral by using the LSIG-LENGTH transmission duration information andperforms L-SIG protection. Length and rate information included in theL-SIG field of FIG. 19 designates a transmission duration of the PPDU,and in case of OFDM symbols having a long guard interval, the length andrate information included in the L-SIG field of FIG. 19 designate thenumber of symbols.

The MAC layer provides a VHT A-MPDU included in the last byte of eachuser stream. The same preamble structure and the same VHT A-MPDU formatare used in the VHT-frame of a single user (SU) and multiple users (MU).Here, since the A-MPDU is used all the time, an aggregation bitindicating whether or not the A-MPDU is used is not included in theVHT-SIG field. The PHY layer provides a PHY pad of 0 to 7 bits. The PHYpad is positioned in front of the tail field.

The PHY layer of the reception terminal decodes only the useful datapart by using the DWORD length included in the VHT-SIG B and thetransfers the same to the MAC layer. Here, a delimiter and a paddingpart behind the useful data are not decoded and PHY processing isstopped, obtaining a power saving effect.

FIG. 20 illustrates a PPDU format according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

The use of the length field of VHT-SIG B as shown in FIG. 19 can obtaina power saving effect in the PHY layer. Meanwhile, the use of the PPDUformat as shown in FIG. 20 can obtain a power saving effect even in theMAC layer.

In FIG. 20, a Null subframe positioned at the end of the A-MPDU is usedas a special padding delimiter having EOF flag information. When the MAClayer of the receiver detects the padding null delimiter including theEOF flag, the MAC layer transmits an operation stop signal to the PHYlayer, obtaining a power saving effect.

FIG. 21 shows the configuration of a transmission terminal according toan embodiment of the present invention.

A transmission terminal 2102 includes a data field generation unit 2104,a signal field generation unit 2106, a data frame generation unit 2108,and a transmission unit 2110. The data field generation unit 2104generates a data field including data (e.g., A-MPDU) desired to betransmitted to a reception terminal. Here, the data field may include aservice field and a PHY service data unit (PSDU) field, and the PSDUfield may include data desired to be transmitted to the receptionterminal.

The data field generation unit 2104 may generate a PSDU field asdescribed above in the embodiment of FIG. 15. The data field generationunit 2104 first calculates the size of an MAC padding to be added behindthe data included in the PSDU as follows.

1) Nsym_x=Ceiling((16+8×L_ampdu_x+6*Nes)/Ndpbs_x)

2) Nsym=max(Nsym_1, . . . , Nsym_n)

3) L_padding_x=round((Nsym×Ndpbs_x−16−6*Nes)/8)−L_ampdu_x

Thereafter, the data field generation unit 2104 adds a Qword pad, a Nulldelimiter, and a final MAC pad behind the data according to the size ofthe MAC padding as follows.

If (Ceiling(L_ampdu_x/4))*4<=(L_ampdu_x+L_padding_x)

-   -   Insert Qword pad

Else

-   -   Insert final MAC pad of L_padding_x byte and complete generation        of PSDU

When a remaining padding space is greater than or equal to 4 bytes, thedata field generation unit 2104 inserts a null delimiter in units of 4bytes. Also, when a space of 3 bytes or smaller remains, the data fieldgeneration unit 2104 inserts a byte final MAC pad and completes thegeneration of the PSDU.

The signal field generation unit 2106 generates a signal field includinginformation regarding the data field generated by the data fieldgeneration unit 2104. Here, the signal field may include a length fielddesignating the size of the data and Qword pad included the PSDU field.Also, the signal field may further include a modulation and codingscheme (MCS) field including information regarding a modulation andcoding method of the data field. Also, the service field may include aCRC bit calculated based on the information included in the signalfield.

The data frame generation unit 2108 generates a data frame including thegenerated data field and signal field. The transmission unit 2110transmits the data frame generated by the data frame generation unit2108 to the reception terminal.

FIG. 22 shows the configuration of a reception terminal according to anembodiment of the present invention.

A reception terminal 2202 includes a reception unit 2204, a decodingunit 2206, and a data obtaining unit 2208. The reception unit 2204receives a data frame including a data field including data (e.g., anA-MPDU) intended to be transmitted by a transmission terminal and asignal field including information regarding the data field from thetransmission terminal.

The decoding unit 2206 decodes the data frame received by the receptionunit 2204 and outputs the signal field and the data field. Respectivefields included in the signal field and the data field have beendescribed above with reference to FIG. 21.

The data obtaining unit 2208 obtains the data from the data field byusing the signal field output by the decoding unit 2206.

FIG. 23 is a flow chart illustrating a process of a data transmissionmethod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, a data field including data (e.g., an A-MPDU) intended to betransmitted to a reception terminal is generated (2302). A signal fieldincluding information regarding the generated data field is generated(2304). Thereafter, a data frame including the generated data field andsignal field is generated (2306).

Here, the data field includes a service field and a PSDU field, and thePSDU field includes the data intended to be transmitted to the receptionterminal. Also, the PSDU field includes the data intended to betransmitted to the reception terminal and a Qword pad, a Null delimiter,and a final MAC pad added behind the data. Also, the signal field mayinclude a length field designating the size of the data and the Qwordpad included in the PSDU field and an MCS field including informationregarding a modulation and coding method of the data field. Also, theservice field may include CRC bits calculated based on the informationincluded in the signal field.

Finally, the generated data frame is transmitted to the receptionterminal (2308).

FIG. 24 is a flow chart illustrating a process of a data receptionmethod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, a data frame including a data field including data (e.g., A-MPDU)intended to be transmitted by a transmission terminal and a signal fieldincluding information regarding the data field is received (2402). Thereceived data frame is decoded to output the signal field and the datafield included in the data frame (2404).

Here, the data field includes a service field and a PSDU field, and thePSDU field includes the data intended to be transmitted by atransmission terminal. Also, the PSDU field includes the data intendedto be transmitted to a reception terminal and a Qword pad, a Nulldelimiter, and a final MAC pad added behind the data. Also, the signalfield may include a length field designating the size of the data andthe Qword pad included in the PSDU field and an MCS field includinginformation regarding a modulation and coding method of the data field.Also, the service field may include CRC bits calculated based on theinformation included in the signal field.

Finally, the data is obtained from the data field by using the outputsignal field (2406).

While the present invention has been shown and described in connectionwith the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat modifications and variations can be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A method for communicating over a wireless localarea network, comprising: generating a Very High Throughput Signal B(VHT-SIG-B) field including control information and a tail field;generating a data field including a service field, the service fieldincluding scrambling information and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC),the CRC being calculated over the control information; generating ascrambling sequence which is initialized with the scramblinginformation; generating a scrambled data field by scrambling the servicefield with the scrambling sequence; and transmitting the VHT-SIG-B fieldand the scrambled data field over an operating channel.
 16. The methodof claim 15, wherein the VHT-SIG-B field includes a block of bits, andwherein a bit number of the block of bits is determined based on achannel bandwidth of the operating channel.
 17. The method of claim 16,wherein the bit number of the block of bits is 26 bits if the channelbandwidth is 20 MHz.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the bit numberof the block of bits is 27 bits if the channel bandwidth is 40 MHz. 19.The method of claim 16, wherein the bit number of the block of bits is29 bits if the channel bandwidth is larger than 40 MHz.
 20. The methodof claim 15, wherein the number of bits for the scrambling informationis 7, the number of bits for the CRC is 8, and the number of bits forthe tail field is
 6. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the block ofbits is repeated a predetermined number of times in accordance with thechannel bandwidth of the operating channel.
 22. The method of claim 21,wherein the block of bits is repeated twice if the channel width of theoperating channel is 40 MHz.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein theblock of bits is repeated four times if the channel width of theoperating channel is 80 MHz.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein therepeated block of bits is repeated twice if the channel width of theoperating channel is 160 MHz.
 25. The method of claim 15, wherein theVHT-SIG-B field is generated user-specifically.
 26. The method of claim15, wherein the data field further includes a physical layer convergenceprotocol (PLCP) physical service data unit (PSDU), the PSDU beinggenerated by adding padding bits to a data block, wherein the controlinformation includes a length field indicating a length of the datablock.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the PSDU is for multi-usermultiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission and a maximumnumber of users for the PSDU is four.
 28. The method of claim 26,wherein the PSDU is scrambled with the scrambling sequence.
 29. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the VHT-SIG-B field and the data field aretransmitted as a PLCP protocol data unit (PPDU).
 30. The method of claim15, wherein the VHT-SIG-B field is modulated with a binary phase shiftkeying (BPSK).
 31. The method of claim 15, wherein an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the VHT-SIG-B fieldhas a long guard interval.
 32. An apparatus for wireless local areanetwork, comprising: a signal field generator configured to: generate aVery High Throughput Signal B (VHT-SIG-B) field including controlinformation and a tail field; generate a data field including a servicefield, the service field including scrambling information and a cyclicredundancy check (CRC), the CRC being calculated over the controlinformation; generate a scrambling sequence which is initialized withthe scrambling information; and generate a scrambled data field byscrambling the service field with the scrambling sequence; and atransmitting unit configured to transmit the VHT-SIG-B field and thescrambled data field over an operating channel.
 33. The apparatus ofclaim 32, wherein the VHT-SIG-B field includes a block of bits, whereina bit number of the block of bits is determined based on a channelbandwidth of the operating channel.
 34. The apparatus of claim 33,wherein the bit number of the block of bits is 26 bits if the channelbandwidth is 20 MHz.
 35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the bitnumber of the block of bits is 27 bits if the channel bandwidth is 40MHz.
 36. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the bit number of the blockof bits is 29 bits if the channel bandwidth is larger than 40 MHz. 37.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the number of bits for the scramblinginformation is 7, the number of bits for the CRC is 8, and the number ofbits for the tail field is
 6. 38. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein theblock of bits is repeated a predetermined number of times in accordancewith the channel bandwidth of the operating channel.
 39. An apparatusfor wireless local area network, comprising: a receiving unit configuredto: receive a Very High Throughput Signal B (VHT-SIG-B) field includingcontrol information and a tail field, and receive a scrambled data fieldincluding a service field, the service field including scramblinginformation and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC); and a decoding unitconfigured to: descramble the scrambled data field with a scramblingsequence which is initialized with the scrambling information, anddetect a transmission error by comparing the CRC with a CRC calculatedover the control information.
 40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein theVHT-SIG-B field includes a block of bits, wherein a bit number of theblock of bits is determined based on a channel bandwidth of theoperating channel.
 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the bit numberof the block of bits is 26 bits if the channel bandwidth is 20 MHz. 42.The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the bit number of the block of bitsis 27 bits if the channel bandwidth is 40 MHz.
 43. The apparatus ofclaim 40, wherein the bit number of the block of bits is 29 bits if thechannel bandwidth is larger than 40 MHz.
 44. The apparatus of claim 39,wherein the number of bits for the scrambling information is 7, thenumber of bits for the CRC is 8, and the number of bits for the tailfield is 6.